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1 January 2004 Spatial Distribution and Dynamics of Special Shore-Forms (Tombolos, Flads and Glo-lakes) in an Uplifting Archipelago of the Baltic Sea
Harri Tolvanen, Samu Numminen, Risto Kalliola
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Abstract

The SW-Finnish archipelago presents a skerry coastline mosaic of land and sea under the influence of post-glacial land uplift. These conditions give rise to some dynamic and transitional geomorphological processes in the shoreline. The land uplift preserves the landforms as the shoreline processes cease to affect their development. Tombolos are isthmuses formed of sedimentary material between adjacent islands by shore processes. In the study area they are a few tens of meters long with varying details, often with the presence of boulders that have probably been concentrated on the site by ice push. The 203 tombolos found in this study are distributed widely across the study area, but they abound near esker and moraine areas. Narrow-mouthed flad-bays and near-shore glo-lakes represent other characteristic shore types in the region with 370 and 82 occurrences, respectively. Both of these formations are remarkably common in those parts of the archipelago where the islands are formed of highly fractured bedrock. We argue that the abundance of these landforms in the SW-Finnish archipelago is also a significant phenomenon in the global context, since usually these types of formations occur as individual incidents only. The presence and dynamics of these special shore forms in the region need to be recognized in coastal management and conservation planning.

Harri Tolvanen, Samu Numminen, and Risto Kalliola "Spatial Distribution and Dynamics of Special Shore-Forms (Tombolos, Flads and Glo-lakes) in an Uplifting Archipelago of the Baltic Sea," Journal of Coastal Research 20(1), 234-243, (1 January 2004). https://doi.org/10.2112/1551-5036(2004)20[234:SDADOS]2.0.CO;2
Received: 22 August 2003; Accepted: 1 August 2003; Published: 1 January 2004
KEYWORDS
Finnish coast
Shore dynamics
shore morphology
shoreline displacement
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